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Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi (flourished 1st century BC & 1st century) was a Roman nobleman of consular rank that lived during the Roman Empire. Frugi’s mother was an unnamed Roman woman, while his father was consul and governor Marcus Licinius Crassus. Frugi’s adoptive paternal grandfather was consul and general Marcus Licinius Crassus. Crassus was the grandson of triumvir Marcus Licinius Crassus and the last known direct descendant of his grandfather. He had a sister called Licinia who married the consul, Lucius Calpurnius Piso whom their son, Gaius Calpurnius Piso who was a conspirator against the Roman emperor Nero. Frugi served as a praetor and then later as a consul along with Lucius Calpurnius Piso in 27, under the reign of Roman emperor Tiberius. In the older historical sources, they record his consulship as in the year 29. Sometime after 44, he served as Roman Governor of Mauretania. During the reign of Roman emperor Claudius, Frugi had appeared to come into favor with the emperor. Claudius had successfully conquered Britain and had added Britain as a province to the Roman Empire. In 43, Claudius had held a triumph parade in Rome, in celebrating his victory of Britain. Frugi had attended Claudius’ triumph parade. Claudius on this occasion had except Frugi from wearing a purple-bordered toga and earned the same honor on a previous occasion. Frugi came dressed to the parade in a palm-embroidered tunic and rode a caparisoned charger. Little else is known on Frugi. Frugi had married a noblewoman called Scribonia.〔Syme, ''The Roman Revolution'', p.578〕 She was of the highest birth and had descended from ancient, distinguished and politically influential blood. Scribonia was a direct descendant of Pompeia, the daughter of triumvir Pompey from his third marriage to Mucia Tertia. Scribonia bore Frugi the following children: *Son, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.〔 He married Roman princess Claudia Antonia in 43, the daughter and only child of Roman emperor Claudius from his second marriage to Aelia Paetina. Antonia married him as her first husband and they had no children. Magnus was murdered in 47. *Son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi II. He served as consul in 64〔 under Roman emperor Nero. Nero had Frugi executed between 66 and 68, because of information brought against him by Marcus Aquilius Regulus.〔Shelton, ''The Women of Pliny's Letters'', p.153〕 After his death, his widow with their children went to a Roman Senate meeting in 70 early in the reign of Roman emperor Vespasian, seeking vengeance for Frugi’s death.〔Shelton, ''The Women of Pliny's Letters'', p.153〕 Regulus with his associated political circle was prosecuted by the Roman Senate.〔Rutledge, ''Imperial Inquisitions: Prosecutors and Informants from Tiberius to Domitian'', p.119〕 The wife of Frugi was Sulpicia Praetextata daughter of the suffect consul in 46, Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Peticus.〔Rudich, ''Political Dissidence Under Nero: The Price of Dissimulation''〕〔(Romeins Imperium – Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi translated from Dutch to English )〕 With Sulpicia Praetextata, Frugi had a daughter called Licinia Praetextata who served as a Chief Vestal Virgin.〔(Romeins Imperium – Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi translated from Dutch to English )〕 With Sulpicia Praetextata, Frugi also had three sons: Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus who served as a suffect consul in 88, Marcus Licinius Scribonianus Camerinus and Gaius Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus, who served as a consul in 87.〔Rudich, ''Political Dissidence Under Nero: The Price of Dissimulation''〕〔(Romeins Imperium – Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi translated from Dutch to English )〕 Gaius Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus and with his wife Agedia Quintina conspired against the Roman emperor Nerva and the couple was banished by Nerva to Taranto. Calpurnius Piso tried for a second time to escape and was banished by the Roman emperor Trajan to a solitary island and on his third attempt to escape he died. Calpurnius Piso was also placed in the tomb of ''Licinii Calpurnii''. Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus married the niece of Trajan, Salonina Matidia as her third husband,〔(article of Matidia the Elder at Livius.org )〕 by whom had a daughter called Rupilia Faustina,〔 who became the paternal grandmother of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius.〔Augustan History – Marcus Aurelius: 1.4, where Rupili Boni is emended to Rupili Libonis〕〔"Libo Frugi's wife is unknown, but J. Carcopino, REA 51 (1949) 262 ff. argued that she was Matidia. This was supported by H. G. Pflaum, HAC 1963 (1964) 106 f. However, Schumacher, Priesterkollegien 195 points out that Libo Frugi's daughter Rupilia Faustina can hardly have been old enough, in that case, to be the mother of Marcus' father. The only way out would be to suppose that Matidia married Libo before her other two husbands; and was divorced from him (as he was still alive in 101). The theory becomes increasingly implausible." Anthony Richard Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', page 244〕 *Possible daughter, Licinia.〔 *Son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Scribonianus.〔 Sometime between 68 and 69 the general Marcus Antonius Primus, had offered Scribonianus the Roman Empire and position of Roman emperor; however Scribonianus refused to accept this. *Son, Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus〔 or Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus (38–69). Licinianus was adopted by the brief Roman emperor Galba, who reigned between 68–69. Licinianus became Galba’s son and heir, who was murdered on the orders of Otho, when trying to obtain the Roman throne. Licinianus married a Roman woman called Verania Germina, who came from a family of consular rank. *Daughter, Licinia Magna. She married the Roman Senator Lucius Calpurnius Piso,〔 who served as one of the consuls in 57.〔Elsner, ''Life, Death and Representation: Some New Work on Roman Sarcophagi'', p.57〕 Piso was later killed by Roman emperor Vespasian as an enemy of the emperor. Licinia and Piso had a daughter called Calpurnia who married Calpurnius Piso Galerianus son of Gaius Calpurnius Piso (co-consul in 41 with Claudius).〔''The Cambridge Ancient History''. Vol. 5, VII ed. London: Cambridge University Press, 1970–2007.〕 Calpurnius Piso Galerianus was executed in 70 for opposing Vespasian.〔Anne Publie. "Les Cneuius". () & Anne Publie. "Les Caesoninus" ()〕 Licinia died at an unknown date from 70 until 80 as her grave altar is dated from this period, which was found on the grounds of Villa Bonaparte near the Porta Salaria. The land may have been part of the family’s suburban estates and her grave altar is on display at the Vatican Museums.〔Elsner, ''Life, Death and Representation: Some New Work on Roman Sarcophagi'', p.p.31&46〕 In the spring of 47, Frugi, his wife and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus were executed on the orders of Roman empress Valeria Messalina. After Frugi, his wife and his son had died, the three were placed in the tomb of ''Licinii Calpurnii'' that is located on the Via Salaria. Also placed in the tomb was their son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi II. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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